Key Country Indicators
GDP (current US$)
160.91
B
in 2028Inflation rate, average consumer prices
8.3
%
in 2028Real GDP growth
8.2
in 2028Population Growth
2.5
%
in 2026Population, total
138.9
M
in 2026Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs)
3.1
M
in 2025Urban Population
24.1
in 2025International Migrants
1.2
M
in 2024Population Density
114.0
people/km²
in 2023Multidimensional poverty headcount ratio (% of population)
68.7 in 2019
Seasonal Calendar
The seasonal calendar visually encapsulates significant climate-related events, agricultural planning , and the occurrence of natural disasters through a intuitive chart. Each event is meticulously charted, spanning across months to depict its duration and timing throughout the year. This graphical representation offers a clear and concise overview, facilitating informed decision-making and strategic planning for the National Societies
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Seasonal hazard
Planting and growing
Harvest
Lean season
Risks
Overall Risk Score
Moderately High
7/10
20222023202420252026
Overall Risk Rank
Among the top 25% most at-risk countries
16th
out of 190 countries
Hazard & Exposure
Moderately High
Vulnerability
Moderately High
Lack of Coping Capacity
Moderately High
Crisis Severity
Improved way to analyze the severity of humanitarian crises globally. It allows measurement of severity against an objective, common scale, which can be applied to all crises.
Overall Severity Score
High
8.6/10
20252026
Overall Severity Class
High risk of crisis impact
Overall Severity Rank
Among the top 25% most at-risk countries
19th
out of 114 countries
Daily Updates and Emerging Signals
| Date | Title | Description | STEEP | Level | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 07-08-2026 | Violence against civilians in Ethiopia, Oromia | On 8 July 2026, an unidentified armed group shot and killed 4 Orthodox Christians (fatalities uncorroborated) at an unspecified location (coded to the admin center, Aseko, in Aseko, Arsi, Oromia). | Conflict | ACLED | |
| 07-08-2026 | Violence against civilians in Ethiopia, Amhara | Around 8 July 2026 (week of), armed actors (likely Fano, mentioned as 'extremists operating in the area' and due to the armed group's area of control) opened fire towards a bus transporting students at an unspecified place in Bibugn Woreda (location coded to the admin center, Digo Tsion, Bibugn, East Gojam, Amhara). The students were going to exam centers in Debre Markos to take a university entrance examination. The perpetrators also targeted these students while they were returning from the examination centers on 16 July 2026 (coded separately). | Conflict | ACLED | |
| 07-08-2026 | Battles in Ethiopia, Amhara | On 8 July 2026, Fano clashed with ENDF, Amhara regional riot police, and Kebele militia in Yebuna in Dembecha Woreda (location coded to the admin center, Dembecha, West Gojam, Amhara), leading to the killing of forces on both sides. Fano started the clash by attacking the state security forces' bases in the area. Unspecified number of fatalities coded as 3. | Conflict | ACLED | |
| 07-08-2026 | Battles in Ethiopia, Amhara | On 8 July 2026, Fano clashed with ENDF, Amhara regional riot police, and Kebele militia in Yebuna in Dembecha Woreda (location coded to the admin center, Dembecha, West Gojam, Amhara), leading to the killing of forces on both sides. Fano started the clash by attacking the state security forces' bases in the area. Unspecified number of fatalities coded as 3. | Conflict | ACLED | |
| 07-08-2026 | Violence against civilians in Ethiopia, Oromia | Around 8 July 2026 (week of), suspected Somali Regional State Police attacked residents at an unspecified location near Asabot, Mieso (West Hararge, Oromia). 1 woman was shot in the leg and injured, and was admitted to a nearby hospital. Government forces arrested two other youths who were supporting the victim in Asebot and took them to Miesso town. The violence is linked to territorial disputes between Oromia and the Somali Regional States. | Conflict | ACLED | |
| 07-08-2026 | Violence against civilians in Ethiopia, Tigray | On 8 July 2026, overnight, unidentified gunmen opened fire on the residence of Abuna Natnael and Abuna Aregawi, the General Secretary of the self-proclaimed Tigray Orthodox Church inside the church's patriarchate compound in Aksum (Axum town, Central Tigray, Tigray). Neither cleric was injured. A bullet slightly damaged the residence of Abuna Natnael. The church has called on regional security authorities to investigate the attack and bring those responsible to justice. The attack comes amid deteriorating security conditions in Tigray and ongoing reports of mass forced military recruitment, including of minors and former combatants. The Tigray region's self-proclaimed See of Selama Kessate Berhan Orthodox Church condemned what it described as 'an assassination attempt targeting two of its senior archbishops in the historic city of Axum on the night'. | Conflict | ACLED | |
| 06-08-2026 | In East Wollega Zone of Oromia Region, OCHA reports of fighting over the past week between non -state armed groups and government security forces resulting in new displacements from rural areas | In East Wollega Zone of Oromia Region, OCHA reports of fighting over the past week between non -state armed groups and government security forces resulting in new displacements from rural areas toward Kiremu and Ayana towns. Significant damage to public infrastructure is reported due to the fighting , impacting more than 25,000 residents . Humanitarian organizations have also temporarily relocated staff to safer locations, seve rely constraining access to vulnerable communities and causing setbacks to humanitarian aid delivery . | Political, Technological | UNOCC | |
| 03-08-2026 | Conflict in Ethiopia | A power struggle between the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) and Ethiopia's federally appointed Tigray Interim Administration has reignited conflict in the north, with the TPLF seizing key areas and displacing thousands. | Political | Global Conflict Tracker | |
| 03-08-2026 | Media sources report that hundreds of Ethiopians have been displaced due to ongoing clashes between Ethiopian armed forces and the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF ) in Shererina locality ( | Media sources report that hundreds of Ethiopians have been displaced due to ongoing clashes between Ethiopian armed forces and the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF ) in Shererina locality ( Western Tigray Zone ) on the border with Sudan . The TPLF claims that federal forces attacked the locality on Saturday, with an unknown numb er of casua lties. Relatedly, Sudan's interior ministry stated on Sunday, that indirect fire due to the clashes killed several people and injured others in refugee camps along the border with Ethiopia. The fighting comes as relations between the Ethip ioian federal government and the TPLF have deteriorated over recent months , with both parties accusing each other of failing to implement the 2022 peace agreement. | Political, Technological | UNOCC | |
| 23-07-2026 | Authorities in Tigray warned yesterday that ongoing African Armyworm and Fall Armyworm infestations pose a major risk to the livelihoods and food security of approximately 900,000 smallholder farming | Authorities in Tigray warned yesterday that ongoing African Armyworm and Fall Armyworm infestations pose a major risk to the livelihoods and food security of approximately 900,000 smallholder farming households. Recent surveillance reports indicate that an estimated 3,588 hectares across multi ple zones have been affected, further weakening agricultural production systems already impacted by El Niño. | Political | UNOCC | |
| 21-07-2026 | According to OCHA, persistent insecurity and access challenges have left more that 62,000 IDPs in Oromia Region 's West Wollega Zone unable to safely return home following conflict -related | According to OCHA, persistent insecurity and access challenges have left more that 62,000 IDPs in Oromia Region 's West Wollega Zone unable to safely return home following conflict -related displacement that began in 2018. Notwithstanding the return or local integration of over 116,000 people , remaining IDPs and host communities face severe humanitarian gaps, including shortages in food, WASH, health, protection, livelihoods, and shelter. Appeals for increased support of life-saving assistance and the facilitation of safe, voluntary returns have been made . | Political, Social, Technological | UNOCC | |
| 20-07-2026 | Somalia Preliminary findings from an assessment undertaken earlier this month by the Somali regional government indicate that more than 82,000 people who migrated from central Somalia to Ethiopia | Somalia Preliminary findings from an assessment undertaken earlier this month by the Somali regional government indicate that more than 82,000 people who migrated from central Somalia to Ethiopia require immediate assistance, including 51,904 pastoralists travelling with livestock. OCHA has confirmed cross -border movements -largely attributed to prolonged dr ought conditions in Somalia -with unverified estimates of 9,450 families crossing from Buuhoodle, Galdogob, Gaalkacyo , and Caabud Waaq districts. There are reports of l imited support available amid increasing pressure on host communities' access to water and pasture. | Political, Technological | UNOCC | |
| 01-07-2026 | OCHA describes continued insecurity in Afar Region following attacks by Tigrayan Security Forces in Megale District in mid -June that are believed to have resulted in some 9,000 people displaced (see | OCHA describes continued insecurity in Afar Region following attacks by Tigrayan Security Forces in Megale District in mid -June that are believed to have resulted in some 9,000 people displaced (see also UNOCC Daily of 26 June) . Reported clashes between Tigray and Afar security forces in nearby Abala District suggest a worrying escalation of hostilities, with affected pastoralist communities reporting significant livestock losses . | Political, Technological | UNOCC | |
| 30-06-2026 | OCHA continues to support humanitarian efforts in East and West Hararghe zones , where compounding conflict and drought are increasing humanitarian needs in Oromia Region | OCHA continues to support humanitarian efforts in East and West Hararghe zones , where compounding conflict and drought are increasing humanitarian needs in Oromia Region . According to authorities, poor harvests have led to severe crop losses and food insecurity has increas ed across more than 23 districts . Compounding matters is i nter-communal violence along the Oromia -Somali border , which has also displaced over 9,000 people in Mieso . | Environmental, Political | UNOCC | |
| 26-06-2026 | OCHA reports that t he security situation along the Ethiopia -Sudan border in Benishangul Gumuz Region has deteriorated following an attack on an Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF) barrack in | OCHA reports that t he security situation along the Ethiopia -Sudan border in Benishangul Gumuz Region has deteriorated following an attack on an Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF) barrack in Gizen on June by an unidentified armed group (UAG), reportedly aided by Sudanese elements. Clashes between the ENDF and the UAG have since expanded, with hostilities reported further inland, causing several fatalities. Meanwhile, fighting in neighboring Blue Nile State in Sudan involving the S AF, RSF, an d Sudan People's Liberation Movement -North elements has spiked following a major offensive on 23 June with reports of SAF capturing strategic positions, just one kilometer from the Ethiopian border, increasing the risk of international conflict spillover. | Political, Technological | UNOCC | |
| 25-06-2026 | OCHA will engage regional authorities and partners to assess the situation and strengthen response coordination in Afar Region following report s that a 21 June attack by Tigray an Security Forces | OCHA will engage regional authorities and partners to assess the situation and strengthen response coordination in Afar Region following report s that a 21 June attack by Tigray an Security Forces displaced more than 9,000 people in Megale District . According to media reports, the incident also left at least t wo people dead and several injured, with the initial incursion in two villages subsequently spreading to six neighbouring villages. The security situation remains fluid. | Political, Technological | UNOCC | |
| 24-06-2026 | Yellow fever - Global | Globally, in 2025 and early 2026, sylvatic yellow fever (YF) transmission in high-risk areas has been strongly influenced by rainfall, temperature and mosquito ecology. In 2025, the epidemiological situation was defined by sustained transmission in Africa and a notable rise in the Americas, including spread into lower‑risk zones. African Region : Twenty-six countries in the WHO African Region and one in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region are considered high-risk for YF as per EYE strategy classification. Of these 27 countries, 26 have introduced the yellow fever vaccine in their routine immunization schedule, however coverage in many countries remains below target with an average coverage of 65% across the region in 2024. Since 2023, eight countries with no recent activity have detected new cases, indicating viral circulation in areas with low vaccination coverage and limited surveillance capacity. In 2025, two outbreaks were recorded (in Angola and in Central African Republic) along with several events that required emergency vaccination. From January to May 2026, 16 confirmed cases were reported in three countries (Burkina Faso, Central African Republic and Cameroon), with additional suspected cases under investigation reported in five countries (Angola, Côte d’Ivoire, Gabon, Ghana, and Nigeria). Most infections are linked to ongoing sylvatic transmission spilling over into rural, under‑immunized communities. Recurrent events are straining health systems and increasing the risk of cross‑border spread. Region of the Americas: All 13 countries at high-risk for YF as per EYE strategy classification include the vaccine in their routine immunization, but coverage varies widely. After limited activity in 2024, transmission expanded sharply in 2025, including into areas that had not reported cases for decades. The region recorded 241 cases and 100 deaths between late 2024 and early 2025, an eightfold increase from the previous year. From January to May 2026, six countries (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela) reported 79 confirmed cases, with Colombia most affected due to sylvatic exposure and travel by unvaccinated visitors. Ecological suitability for mosquito vectors, uneven vaccination coverage, increased human mobility, and the expansion of urban areas into forested environments continue to facilitate viral transmission. Other Regions: In regions outside Africa and the Americas, the risk of YF is primarily associated with imported cases, as no established local transmission cycles are present. Many countries require proof of vaccination for travellers from at‑risk areas. No imported cases were detected in 2025–2026, but ongoing transmission elsewhere, expanding vector habitats, rapid urbanization, and high international mobility mean the risk of introduction persists. The impact of any imported case would depend on rapid detection and the ability to respond effectively in areas where competent mosquito vectors are present. | Social | WHO | |
| 24-06-2026 | Tensions in Tigray have escalated following a 6 June drone strike on a Tigray Security Forces convoy, deepening mistrust between the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) ‑led administration and | Tensions in Tigray have escalated following a 6 June drone strike on a Tigray Security Forces convoy, deepening mistrust between the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) ‑led administration and the Federal 2 Government (see also UNOCC Daily of 9 June) . The political environment has been further strained by allegations of federal military build ‑up and increasingly confrontational rhetoric. Against this backdrop, OHCHR documented at least 149 cases of forced recruitment by TPLF , including at least nine women, and related arbitrary detentions. Together with last week's announced US visa restrictions on TPLF leaders, OHCHR notes concerns regarding due process, civic space and the broader risk of further escalation. | Environmental, Political, Technological | UNOCC | |
| 09-06-2026 | According to OCHA, a drone strike impacting near Shiraro Town (Tigray Region ) this past Saturday prompted civilian displacement and has sharply escalated tensions between government forces and | According to OCHA, a drone strike impacting near Shiraro Town (Tigray Region ) this past Saturday prompted civilian displacement and has sharply escalated tensions between government forces and Tigrayan Security Forces (TSF) . Humanitarian and agricultural efforts have been disrupted amid a reported mobilization of TSF elements and accounts of forced conscription. | Political | UNOCC | |
| 05-06-2026 | OHCHR describes a broad pattern inter‑communal and religious violence in parts of Oromia Region | OHCHR describes a broad pattern inter‑communal and religious violence in parts of Oromia Region. Noting that widely circulated casualty figures remain unverified , corraborated reports refer to killings, abductions, house burnings and church destruction in East and Horogoduru Wollega and parts of Arsi Zone . | Technological | UNOCC | |
| 02-06-2026 | Parliamentary and regional elections took place yesterday , with partial suspensions reported in Amhara, Oromia and Tigray regions due to security concerns | Parliamentary and regional elections took place yesterday , with partial suspensions reported in Amhara, Oromia and Tigray regions due to security concerns. The National Electoral Board and media sources describe irregularities and a Prosperity Party majority is anticipated, pending the 11 June release of official results (see also UNOCC Daily of 29 May) . | Political, Technological | UNOCC | |
| 01-06-2026 | Road in Ethiopia | Road - RoadEthiopia; Number of people affected: 65.0 | Technological | Medium Level | EMDAT |
| 29-05-2026 | OCHA describes escalating violence in northern Ethiopia, with clashes ongoing since April in the Amhara Region , where government forces have engaged the so -called Agew Democratic Movement armed | OCHA describes escalating violence in northern Ethiopia, with clashes ongoing since April in the Amhara Region , where government forces have engaged the so -called Agew Democratic Movement armed group that is reportedly supported by Tigray-aligned elements . Nearly 45,000 people across Wag Hamra Zone are believed to have been displaced ( see also UNOCC Daily of 26 May ). | Political, Technological | UNOCC | |
| 26-05-2026 | Inter-communal violence and civilian displacement along Sidama -Oromia border | Inter-communal violence and civilian displacement along Sidama -Oromia border . | Political | UNOCC | |
| 21-05-2026 | Intercommunal clashes this past Tuesday between Sidama and Oromo communities along the border of Sidama and Oromia regions reportedly caused dozens of deaths and displace d hundreds of people | Intercommunal clashes this past Tuesday between Sidama and Oromo communities along the border of Sidama and Oromia regions reportedly caused dozens of deaths and displace d hundreds of people. Local authorities attributed the violence to entrenched disputes over administrative boundaries, land ownership, and grazing access. | Political | UNOCC | |
| 19-05-2026 | Clashes between the SAF and RSF along the Sudanese border have prompted the Ethiopian National Defence Forces (ENDF) to issue an evacuation directive for the resident s of Kurmuk town (Benishangul - | Clashes between the SAF and RSF along the Sudanese border have prompted the Ethiopian National Defence Forces (ENDF) to issue an evacuation directive for the resident s of Kurmuk town (Benishangul - Gumuz Region) last Friday (see also UNOCC Daily of 12 May) . This followed reports of an ENDF -RSF buildup and SAF advancing across the Blue Nile border . The clashes also led an international NGO to relocate its staff to Assosa, the regional capital . | Technological | UNOCC | |
| 05-05-2026 | OCHA reports that the distribution of food assistance resumed last week in Tigray Region, targeting 900,205 beneficiaries across 51 districts | OCHA reports that the distribution of food assistance resumed last week in Tigray Region, targeting 900,205 beneficiaries across 51 districts. Assistance was suspended in early March due to fuel shortage, with conditions slightly improving following agreements with donors and transporters to source fuel from alternative marke ts. | Political | UNOCC | |
| 14-04-2026 | OCHA reports a severe fuel shortage in Tigray Region which has caused humanitarian partners to halt the distribution of food rations to about 900,000 people -most of them IDPs-during March and April | OCHA reports a severe fuel shortage in Tigray Region which has caused humanitarian partners to halt the distribution of food rations to about 900,000 people -most of them IDPs-during March and April . OCHA notes that the growing backlog in food distribution caused by ongoing fuel shortages is deepening food insecurity across the region . Benin Following voting on Sunday , Benin 's Constitutional Court confirmed the victory of the ruling coalition ticket led by incumbent President Wadagni. OHCHR reports that the results were announced without major incidents and largely accepted by institutional stakeholders. However, opposition actors, including Les Démocrates -who were excluded from the elections -reiterated concerns over inclusivity and credibility of the electoral framework. OHCHR notes that l ow voter turnout nationwide, particularly in urban centres, shows limited public engagement and confidence in the non-inclusive process. | Political | UNOCC | |
| 31-03-2026 | 2 Further to the escalation of fighting in Amhara Region, an OCHA -led mission to South Gondar Zone on 16 | 2 Further to the escalation of fighting in Amhara Region, an OCHA -led mission to South Gondar Zone on 16 | Political | UNOCC | |
| 30-03-2026 | OHCHR report s that fighting escalated in Amhara Region on 26 March as Fano militias clashed with Ethiopian National Defense Force s (ENDF ), with Fano claiming extensive territorial control that | OHCHR report s that fighting escalated in Amhara Region on 26 March as Fano militias clashed with Ethiopian National Defense Force s (ENDF ), with Fano claiming extensive territorial control that federal authorities refuted. In Oromia Region , the Oromo Liberation Army expanded operations following ENDF withdrawals, including a 26 March clash in West Wollega that killed a district police commander and disrupted humanitarian access. Separately, large public protests took place on 24 March in Tigray Region over the federal government's failure to release subsidies, leaving civil servants unpaid for 17 months . Reports of a potential federal agreement to pay salaries remain unconfirmed. | Political, Technological | UNOCC | |
| 19-03-2026 | Since 1 February, a ccording to OHCHR, Ethiopian security forces in Amhara region have arbitrarily detained 130 men accused of supporting F ANO militias | Since 1 February, a ccording to OHCHR, Ethiopian security forces in Amhara region have arbitrarily detained 130 men accused of supporting F ANO militias . The accused have not been charged, given legal representation or brought before a court ; in addition, OHCHR has repeatedly been denied access to the detainees. Similar concerns have been reported in Afar region, where 23 people have been held without explanation and without a court appearance. In Gambella region, meanwhile, at least 100 houses were 2 allegedly destroyed in counter -insurgency operations against Oromo Liberation Army combatants over the past three weeks . | Political, Technological | UNOCC | |
| 16-03-2026 | OCHA reports increased c asualties resulting from flooding and landslides that impacted Ethiopia's Gamo Zone , in the Southern Region , on 9 March ; estimates of civilian displacement have also | OCHA reports increased c asualties resulting from flooding and landslides that impacted Ethiopia's Gamo Zone , in the Southern Region , on 9 March ; estimates of civilian displacement have also risen, from 4,500 to over 16,000. Humanitarian partners have been invited to discussions about how to further strengthen response efforts across seven districts. | Environmental | UNOCC | |
| 12-03-2026 | Recalling SSPDF and allied forces' advances on Akobo in South Sudan's Jonglei State, the past three days have reportedly prompted some 35,000 additional South Sudanese asylum seekers to cross into | Recalling SSPDF and allied forces' advances on Akobo in South Sudan's Jonglei State, the past three days have reportedly prompted some 35,000 additional South Sudanese asylum seekers to cross into Ethiopia's Gambela Region . Approximately 82,000 people have arrived since February 2025 , and UNH CR estimate s that 100,000 could cross the border into Ethiopia in the coming days. Meanwhile, flooding and associated landslides that impacted Gamo Zone (South Ethiopia Region ) earlier this week have resulted in more than 110 people killed and some 3,460 displaced . | Environmental | UNOCC | |
| 10-03-2026 | OCHA reports that more than 37,500 people were displaced due to combat in January and early February between Tigray Defense Forces and regional security forces in Yalo District (Afar Region) ; more | OCHA reports that more than 37,500 people were displaced due to combat in January and early February between Tigray Defense Forces and regional security forces in Yalo District (Afar Region) ; more than one- half of th ose impacted have yet to receive any type of assistance. OCHA is engaging regional and federal authorities to facilitate humanitarian access to fuel and cash. In parallel , OHCHR notes continue d fighting in parts of Ethiopia's Amhara Region, with significant casualties recently reported among government and Fano militia force s. | Political | UNOCC | |
| 09-03-2026 | A multi -agency humanitarian rapid needs assessment reports that 26,000 people in Tigray are in dire need of aid following displacement due to ongoing clashes between government forces and the Tigray | A multi -agency humanitarian rapid needs assessment reports that 26,000 people in Tigray are in dire need of aid following displacement due to ongoing clashes between government forces and the Tigray People's Liberation Front . The displaced are sheltering in the open , as well as in public buildings and churches in Sekota Town and Hamusit village , without access to food, water, hygiene items, or health and livelihood support. Protection concerns, including violence against women and child neglect, are prevalent as negative coping mechanisms emerge . | Political, Social, Technological | UNOCC | |
| 25-02-2026 | Tigrayan parties and armed groups have condemned the removal on Monday, by the Ethiopian House of Federation , of five electoral constituencies from Tigray, cutting its number of seats from 38 to 33 | Tigrayan parties and armed groups have condemned the removal on Monday, by the Ethiopian House of Federation , of five electoral constituencies from Tigray, cutting its number of seats from 38 to 33. According to OHCHR , this development has increased tensions amid federal -Fano clashes in Amhara and a n expanded Oromo Liberation Army presence in Oromia. Twenty rights and humanitarian groups have recently cautioned that Ethiopia is nearing renewed large -scale conflict . | Political | UNOCC | |
| 18-02-2026 | OHCHR describes a recent escalation of insecurity across Amhara, Oromia and Tigray regions | OHCHR describes a recent escalation of insecurity across Amhara, Oromia and Tigray regions . Government forces have reportedly undertaken drone strikes in Woreta (Amhara) that resulted in four civilians killed and four others wounded . In Oromia, government troop withdrawals have prompted increased recruitment efforts by militia and associated fears of forced re -enlistment . Attacks by Oromo Liberation Army ( OLA) combatants in Zeway Dugda have killed 18 militia members and there is a continued 2 OLA presence reported in East Borena and Guji. There are also concerns about renewed conflict i n Tigray, with large -scale deployments of government forces in Asgede and Wolikait. OCHA reports that i n contested areas of Tigray and Amhara , recent fighting has displaced more than 80,000 people . Cash shortages and fuel restrictions in Tigray continue to impede humanitarian efforts . | Political, Technological | UNOCC | |
| 14-02-2026 | Mpox: recombinant virus with genomic elements of clades Ib and IIb – Global situation | In December 2025, the United Kingdom detected the first reported case of a clade Ib/IIb MPXV recombinant strain. 5 After classification of this case and posting in a public database as a novel MPXV recombinant strain, a case of mpox detected in India in September 2025 was retrospectively reclassified as a closely-related recombinant strain based on sequencing data. To date, these are the only known cases of this recombinant virus. Case detected in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland The case was identified following testing of a vesicular swab from a traveler who had returned from a country in the Asia Pacific region in October 2025. During laboratory confirmation, the virus was initially typed as clade Ib MPXV by qPCR. Subsequent whole genome sequencing revealed that the MPXV strain identified was distinct from other known clade Ib MPXV strains with phylogenetic analysis indicating that the genome had regions similar to both clade Ib and clade IIb MPXV reference sequences, suggesting that it is an inter-clade recombinant. To confirm this unusual finding, sequencing was repeated on the original extract from the primary sample, a fresh extract from the same primary sample, a second swab collected from the patient at the same time, and a cultured isolate derived from the initial swab. This repeat sequencing yielded identical viral genome sequences from the two clinical swabs and the cultured isolate, supporting the initial findings of a new recombinant strain, and showing that it can replicate and presents potential for onward transmission. This strain is a recombinant MPXV, containing genetic elements from both clade Ib and clade IIb MPXV. A small number of contacts were identified and followed up in the United Kingdom; none developed any clinical features of mpox. Health worker contacts had worn full personal protective equipment (PPE) during provision of medical care to the patient. The authorities of the United Kingdom continue to investigate the significance of this recombinant MPXV strain through phenotypic characterization studies. Case detected in India On 13 January 2026, the National IHR Focal Point (NFP) of India notified WHO of a mpox case with an inter‑clade recombinant MPXV which was, upon whole-genome sequencing, found to have genomic elements of clades Ib and IIb MPXV. The recombinant virus was found in samples from a man with mpox who had presented for care in September 2025. The patient had reported recent travel from a country in the Arabian Peninsula, where he resides as an overseas worker. He developed symptoms on 1 September 2025, while still abroad. After his return to India, real‑time PCR confirmed MPXV infection on 11 September 2025. Clade differentiation PCR performed on 15 September 2025 initially identified this virus as clade II MPXV. Initial genomic sequencing analysis suggested features consistent with clade IIb MPXV. However, following the update of the global Nextclade database on 16 December 2025, which included the recombinant clade Ib/IIb MPXV strain reported by the United Kingdom, the virus from the patient in India was reclassified as belonging to the recombinant strain. Recombination analysis demonstrated mosaic patterns containing genomic regions derived from both parent clades. Following the initial diagnosis, the patient was hospitalized, did not experience any medical complications, and fully recovered, testing negative for MPXV on 29 September 2025. The case reported no close contacts in India, and no known secondary cases were identified following this introduction of the recombinant clade Ib/IIb MPXV in India. Full or near‑full genome retrieval (>99%) from both the sample and a sample-derived virus isolate enabled phylogenetic analysis showing >99.9% similarity to the recombinant strain detected in the United Kingdom. A total of 34 recombinant tracts were observed in the sequence reported by India, while 28 recombinant tracts were observed in the sequence reported by the United Kingdom; 16 recombinant tracts were common to both strains. This case in India therefore represents the earliest known detection of this recombinant strain globally, having preceded the event reported in the United Kingdom. Consistent with the case reported in the United Kingdom, clinical presentation was consistent with cases due to clade I or clade II MPXV (non-recombinant MPXV) infection. | Social | WHO | |
| 11-02-2026 | OHCHR reports that recent incidents in Amhara and Oromia regions show a pattern of indiscriminate or disproportionate use of force, civilian killings based on perceived affiliations and abductions by | OHCHR reports that recent incidents in Amhara and Oromia regions show a pattern of indiscriminate or disproportionate use of force, civilian killings based on perceived affiliations and abductions by armed groups. In Amhara, Ethiopian National Defense Force on 5-6 February killed at least 25 civilians and injured dozens house searches and shelling. In the context of calls to de-escalate the tense situation in the Tigray region, reports indicate that recent fighting in the region displac ed some 78,450 people . | Political | UNOCC | |
| 10-02-2026 | Today , the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights called on all parties to take urgent steps to de- escalat e the tense situation in the Tigray region , following reports of renewed clashes between | Today , the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights called on all parties to take urgent steps to de- escalat e the tense situation in the Tigray region , following reports of renewed clashes between the Ethiopian army and regional forces . OHCHR warned that the fighting risks worsening the already serious humanitarian and human rights situation in northern Ethiopia. The High Commissioner also expressed concern over rising tensions between Ethiopia and Eritrea, warning that this could further deteriorate the human rights landscape across the wider Horn of Africa. | Political | UNOCC | |
| 03-02-2026 | Further to yesterday's mention, fighting in north -western Tigray Region between the Ethiopian military and Tigrayan defence forces has since subsided | Further to yesterday's mention, fighting in north -western Tigray Region between the Ethiopian military and Tigrayan defence forces has since subsided . The interim president of the Tigray Regional State has reiterat ed calls for IDPs to return and for the restoration of constitutional sovereignty . OHCHR reports human rights violations in Tselemti, where joint Ethiopian and Selam -Askebari forces undertook house -to-house searches and arrested six men . | Political | UNOCC | |
| 26-01-2026 | Marburg virus disease- Ethiopia | On 14 November 2025, after the laboratory confirmation of suspected viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) cases in Jinka town, South Ethiopia Regional State, Ethiopia, the Ministry of Health of Ethiopia declared an outbreak of Marburg Virus Disease (MVD). Molecular testing conducted by the National Reference Laboratory at the Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI) identified Marburg virus (MARV) in patient samples. This was the first time Ethiopia was reporting a MVD outbreak . The first known case was an adult from Jinka town who developed symptoms on 23 October. The patient presented to the General Hospital the following day with vomiting, loss of appetite, and abdominal cramps. As of 25 January 2026, a cumulative total of 14 confirmed cases, including nine deaths (Case Fatality Rate (CFR) 64.3%) and five probable cases, all of whom had died, were reported by the Ministry of Health from Jinka, Malle and Dasench woredas in South Ethiopia Region and Hawassa in Sidama Region. As of 25 January 2026, a total of 857 contacts were listed who completed 21 days of follow-up, 760 from the South Ethiopia Region and 97 from the Sidama Region. As of 5 January 2026, 3800 samples were tested for the virus. On 26 January 2026, after two consecutive incubation periods (a total of 42 days), without a new confirmed case reported, after the last confirmed case died and was given a safe and dignified burial, on 14 December 2025, the Ministry of Health of Ethiopia declared the end of the MVD outbreak, as per WHO recommendations. Figure 1: Map of districts reporting confirmed and probable Marburg virus disease cases in Ethiopia, as of 25 January 2026 | Social | WHO | |
| 09-01-2026 | 2 OCHA warns that following the failure of October -December rains , nearly 500,000 people in Ethiopia's Somali region face increased shortages of water | 2 OCHA warns that following the failure of October -December rains , nearly 500,000 people in Ethiopia's Somali region face increased shortages of water. Emergency water support has been provided to over 175,000 people; however, more than 320,000 remain without access to safe water. | Technological | UNOCC | |
| 31-12-2025 | OCHA is planning a humanitarian response to violence between the Anywaa and Nuer communities in Gambela Region that has displaced 28,868 people, 85 per cent of whom are women and children | OCHA is planning a humanitarian response to violence between the Anywaa and Nuer communities in Gambela Region that has displaced 28,868 people, 85 per cent of whom are women and children. Priority needs include f ood, non -food items, health services, clean water and protection. | Social | UNOCC | |
| 24-12-2025 | Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus - Global update | Since the first report of MERS-CoV in the KSA and Jordan in 2012, a total 2635 laboratory-confirmed cases of MERS-CoV infection, with 964 associated deaths (Case Fatality Ratio (CFR) of 37%), have been reported to WHO from 27 countries, across all six WHO regions (Figure 1). The majority of cases (84%; n=2224), have been reported from the KSA (Figure 2). Since the beginning of 2025 and as of 21 December, a total of 19 cases have been reported to WHO. Overall, 17 cases were reported in the KSA from five regions named: Riyadh (n=10), Taif (n=3), Najran (n=2), Hail (n=1), and Hafr Al-Batin City (n=1) (Figure 3). In addition, two travel associated cases of MERS-CoV infection have been reported in France, with likely exposure occurring during recent travel in the Arabian Peninsula (Figure 3). This disease outbreak news report focuses on the recent nine cases of MERS-CoV infection reported between 4 June - 21 December 2025: seven cases from the KSA and the two imported cases to France. The details of cases reported earlier in 2025 can be referred to in the previously published disease outbreak news on 13 March 2025 and 12 May 2025 . Between 4 June and 21 December 2025, the MoH of the KSA reported a total of seven cases of MERS CoV infection. The cases were reported from three regions: Najran (2), Riyadh (3), and Taif (2). No epidemiological links were identified between the seven cases. In addition, between 2 and 3 of December 2025, the IHR NFP for France reported two cases of MERS – CoV with recent travel to the Arabian Peninsula during the month of November. Follow-up has been completed for all contacts and no secondary infections have been identified or reported. From September 2012, France has recorded a total of four laboratory-confirmed cases of MERS-CoV infection, including one death: two cases were reported in 2013, and the latest two cases in December 2025. All cases had been travelers exposed in the Arabian Peninsula and returning back to France. For additional details please see Table 1. Figure 1: Epidemic curve of MERS-CoV infections (2635) and deaths (964) reported globally between 2012-2025 Figure 2: Epidemic curve of MERS-CoV infections (2224) and deaths (868) reported in KSA between 2012-2025 Figure 3. Geographical distribution of MERS-CoV infections between 1 January and 21 December 2025 (n=19). Table 1: MERS-CoV cases reported by KSA and France between 4 June and 21 December 2025 | Social | WHO | |
| 10-12-2025 | Seasonal influenza - Global situation | Globally, influenza activity has increased since October 2025 with influenza A viruses predominant among the viruses detected globally. In many northern hemisphere countries, acute respiratory infection levels increase at this time of year. These increases are typically caused by seasonal epidemics of respiratory pathogens such as influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and other common respiratory viruses. The exact timing of the onset, the duration, magnitude and the severity of each epidemic might vary by location, influenced by multiple factors such as type of circulating viruses (including influenza and other respiratory pathogens), relative population immunity and environmental conditions. In the northern hemisphere, some countries have reported early starts to the influenza season. In other countries, influenza activity is starting to increase, but has not yet reached the epidemic threshold. In the southern hemisphere, some countries have had unusually long seasons compared to previous years, with virus activity remaining higher than usual in recent months. Global influenza surveillance and monitoring is conducted through the Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS), a WHO-coordinated network of over 160 institutions in 131 Member States. GISRS is tasked with conducting year-round surveillance and monitoring of influenza viruses and serving as the global alert mechanism for the emergence of novel influenza viruses and other respiratory pathogens with pandemic potential. In the northern hemisphere temperate and sub-tropical countries, areas and territories, influenza activity was generally low from June to August 2025. Activity gradually increased in September and continued to increase through November 2025. Influenza A viruses, especially A(H3N2) viruses, predominated during this period (Fig. 1). In the southern hemisphere temperate and sub-tropical countries, areas and territories, influenza activity generally decreased from June 2025 and remained low through August. However, a slight increase has been observed since September. Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses predominated in June and July; however, A(H3N2) viruses have predominated since September (Fig. 2). In tropical areas, there has been sustained influenza activity from June through November. Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses predominated through July. Since then, the proportion of influenza A(H3N2) viruses among reported detections has increased and has become predominant since the end of September (Fig. 3). Figure 1. Virus detections by subtype reported to FluNet, from 1 June to 30 November 2025 for the northern hemisphere temperate and sub-tropical countries, areas and territories. Source: GISRS: https://worldhealthorg.shinyapps.io/flunetchart/ Figure 2. Virus detections by subtype reported to FluNet, from 1 June to 30 November 2025, for the southern hemisphere temperate and sub-tropical countries, areas and territories. Source: GISRS: https://worldhealthorg.shinyapps.io/flunetchart/ Figure 3. Virus detections by subtype reported to FluNet, from 1 June to 30 November 2025, for tropical countries, areas and territories. Source: GISRS: https://worldhealthorg.shinyapps.io/flunetchart/ Genetic characteristics of recent seasonal influenza viruses Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and influenza B/Victoria lineage viruses continue to circulate in all regions albeit at low levels. Influenza A(H3N2) viruses Based on genetic sequence data available in GISAID , a mixture of A(H3N2) haemagglutinin (HA) clades and subclades are currently circulating globally; however, there has been a recent and rapid rise in a particular subclade of A(H3N2), J.2.4.1 (alias subclade K Nextclade / Nextstrain nomenclature). A(H3N2) subclade K viruses have genetically drifted from related J.2.4 viruses and have several amino acid changes in their HA in comparison. Detections of subclade K viruses are increasing in many parts of the world, with the exception, to date, of South America. Subclade K viruses were particularly evident from August 2025 in Australia and New Zealand and have now been detected in more than 34 countries over the last 6 months. Figure 4. Influenza A(H3N2) percent positivity reported for epidemiological week 48 (24 to 30 November) 2025 Source: GISRS: https://www.who.int/teams/global-influenza-programme/surveillance-and-monitoring/influenza-surveillance-outputs Overview of seasonal influenza by WHO Region African region Influenza detections in the WHO African Region overall increased in October with influenza A(H3N2) predominant. The timing and predominant virus varied by zone. In the western part of the region, influenza detections increased in September and October with A(H3N2) predominant since October. All seasonal subtypes have been detected continuously in the middle and eastern parts of the region. Influenza activity peaked in May 2025 in South Africa with almost exclusively A(H3N2) detections; in recent weeks influenza activity has increased slightly but remained low. Eastern Mediterranean Region While influenza activity in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region overall increased in October with A(H3N2) viruses predominant, there were variations by zone. In countries in the northern part of the region, influenza detections increased in October with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 predominant and lesser proportions of influenza A(H3N2) and B virus detections reported. In the Arabian Peninsula, influenza detections also increased in October but with influenza A(H3N2) viruses predominant. European Region As of 21 November 2025, reported rates of influenza-like illness (ILI) and/or acute respiratory infection (ARI) in primary care were at baseline levels for most countries and areas of the WHO European Region. However, detections were increasing and regionally pooled test percent positivity in primary care sentinel surveillance rose above 10% in weeks 45 and 46 (ending on 15 November), marking the start of the 2025/26 influenza season for the European Region. This was approximately four weeks earlier than the median, but not out of the ordinary, with epidemiological trends similar to those observed in the 2022/23 influenza season. Influenza activity was variable between countries, with those in the west of the Region generally seeing earlier increases of influenza indicators compared to others. Influenza admissions, detections, and percent positivity in hospital surveillance were also increasing from inter-seasonal levels, with a higher proportion aged 65 years or older. A majority of influenza detections from sentinel and non-sentinel primary care and hospital surveillance systems were A(H3N2) viruses. Region of the Americas During the 2025 southern hemisphere season in the Americas, influenza transmission exceeded the seasonal threshold in mid-March, remaining mostly at low to moderate levels. Circulation was driven by influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, reaching a peak positivity of 19%. Activity then declined to low levels until the end of August, when an increase in circulation was observed, associated with influenza A(H3N2) in Brazil and Chile. As of beginning of November, Chile remains at moderate levels of influenza A(H3N2) transmission, without evidence of increased severity or rises in outpatient consultations. As of 4 November 2025, subclade K had not been detected in South America. In the northern hemisphere countries of the Americas, during week 45 of 2025, seasonal influenza circulation remained low, with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 predominating in the Caribbean and Central America. In North America, influenza activity—although still low—was increasing, mainly driven by influenza A virus detections. While most detections in Mexico were influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, a predominance of influenza A(H3N2) has been observed in the United States and Canada, with growing detections of the A(H3N2) subclade K. South-East Asia Region Influenza detections in the South-East Asia Region started increasing from Jun | Social | WHO | |
| 05-12-2025 | Health authorities reported no new Marburg cases yesterday and Wednesday , marking the first two -day pause since the outbreak in mid-November | Health authorities reported no new Marburg cases yesterday and Wednesday , marking the first two -day pause since the outbreak in mid-November . There are 13 confirmed cases, eight deaths, four recoveries and one patient still under treatment ; continued vigilance is advised due to the virus's long incubation period and considerable population movement s (see also UNOCC Daily of 24 November and 1 December) . | Social, Technological | UNOCC | |
| 05-12-2025 | Broader transmission of mpox due to clade Ib MPXV – Global situation | Since the lifting of the second PHEIC for mpox on 5 September 2025, and as of 24 November 2025, 43 new confirmed cases of clade Ib MPXV have been reported across six WHO regions outside areas where sustained community transmission of this virus strain has been occurring. In four of these regions (Region of the Americas, South-East Asia Region, European Region and the Western Pacific Region), 24 cases had reported no recent international travel, suggesting local transmission. Based on this, Italy, Malaysia, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, and the United States of America are now considered to be experiencing community transmission of clade Ib MPXV. In addition, travel-related cases continue to be reported in many countries. Among the 43 cases, half (22) were documented among men who have sex with men, while other cases were linked to travel to countries with known community transmission of clade Ib, or secondary to travel-related cases (household contacts and/or sexual partners). This report provides an overview of these recent cases of mpox confirmed to be due to clade Ib MPXV, by WHO region and country, summarizing key available epidemiological information, followed by WHO’s rapid risk assessment and public health advice. Summary of reported mpox due to clade Ib MPXV in WHO Regions and countries from 5 September to 24 November 2025 WHO African Region Since the lifting of the PHEIC on 5 September 2025 and as of 24 November 2025, one country, Namibia, has reported clade Ib MPXV cases for the first time. Community transmission persists in Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Republic of Congo, Rwanda, South Africa, the United Republic of Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia. Namibia Namibia notified WHO of one probable and two confirmed cases of mpox due to clade Ib MPXV. The index (probable) case linked to travel within the African Region and the two confirmed cases were his household contacts. No further cases have been reported following detection of this cluster. These are the first cases of mpox reported in the country. WHO Region of the Americas Two countries in the WHO Americas Region have reported a total of four confirmed cases of mpox due to clade Ib MPXV. One case detected in Canada had recently travelled, while three cases in the United States of America had no recent travel history or known epidemiological links to travellers. Canada Canada notified WHO of one confirmed mpox case due to clade Ib MPXV in an adult male with recent travel outside of the country and reporting no sexual partners after returning to Canada. The case received counselling on preventing further transmission. United States of America The United States of America reported three unrelated cases of mpox due to clade Ib MPXV in Long Beach (one case) and Los Angeles (two cases) counties, California. All three occurred among men who have sex with men, none of whom had a history of recent international travel or known exposure to mpox cases. None of the individuals had a previous MPXV infection or prior orthopoxvirus vaccination, and one case was immunocompromised. All three individuals were hospitalized, received standard medical care, and have fully recovered. Prior to the lifting of the PHEIC, the United States of America had reported six cases of mpox due to clade Ib MPXV, all linked to travel. Public health authorities conducted contact tracing among household, healthcare-facility and social contacts. No additional cases of mpox due to clade Ib MPXV have been detected to date. Public health investigations suggest ongoing community transmission of clade Ib MPXV among men who have sex with men and their social networks in southern California. Viral genomic sequencing data indicate that the three California cases may be linked to a previously reported case in the country in August 2025. WHO South-East Asia Region From 5 September to 24 November 2025, five cases of mpox due to clade Ib MPXV have been reported in the WHO South-East Asia Region, all in Thailand. All cases had a recent history of international travel and three self-identified as men who have sex with men. Thailand Thailand notified WHO of five new cases of mpox cases due to clade Ib MPXV. The cases included four males, three of whom self-identified as men who have sex with men, and one female. Travel histories indicate associations with recent travel to the United Arab Emirates, Oman, and the Russian Federation, where exposure to infection is likely to have occurred. Prior to 5 September, Thailand had reported five cases of mpox due to clade Ib MPXV, all of which were associated with international travel. WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region Three countries in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region, Egypt, Lebanon and Qatar have reported six cases of mpox. Although the clade was not documented in Egypt and Lebanon, two cases attributed to clade Ib MPXV were reported in Qatar. Qatar Qatar notified WHO of two cases of mpox due to clade Ib MPXV. One adult male and one adult female, linked to travel within the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Prior to this period, Qatar had reported three cases of mpox due to clade Ib MPXV, all of which were associated with international travel. WHO European Region Countries in the WHO European Region have reported a total of 27 mpox cases due to clade Ib MPXV. Of these, 18 cases were classified as autochthonous, with no relevant history of recent international travel, suggesting undetected community transmission (Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, and Spain). Two cases (reported from Belgium and the United Kingdom) were related to travel within Europe and five cases to travel outside of Europe (East Africa, Uganda, United Arab Emirates), either to or from countries experiencing community transmission of clade Ib MPXV but also to or from countries where no community transmission has been reported, including Angola, the United Arab Emirates, and Viet Nam. Furthermore, at least 15 of the 27 cases, and 14 of the 18 locally acquired cases occurred among individuals who self-identified as men who have sex with men. Belgium Belgium reported to WHO one case of mpox due to clade Ib MPXV with recent travel to the Netherlands. This individual reported having had multiple sexual contacts with other men while in the Netherlands. Prior to 5 September, Belgium had reported six mpox cases caused by clade Ib MPXV, all linked to travel. France France notified WHO of one case of mpox due to clade Ib MPXV in an adult male traveller who had returned from East Africa. Prior to this period, France had reported three cases of mpox due to clade Ib MPXV, all linked to travel. Germany Germany notified WHO of three cases of mpox due to clade Ib MPXV. All three cases had a recent history of international travel: one, an adult male who had travelled to Angola, another an adult female who had travelled to Uganda, and the third, an adult male who had travelled to Viet Nam. Uganda has community transmission of clade Ib and Viet Nam has not previously reported cases of this subclade. Prior to 5 September, Germany had reported 12 mpox cases due to clade Ib MPXV, most of which were linked to travel. Greece Greece notified WHO of its first case of mpox due to clade Ib MPXV, in an adult male with a recent history of travel to the United Arab Emirates before arriving in Greece. Ireland Ireland reported two cases linked to a small cluster which was reported before 5 September 2025. The index case had history of recent travel outside Europe. The first locally acquired case was a child ( Italy Italy notified WHO of two cases of mpox due to clade Ib MPXV in adult males who had no history of recent international travel or known contact with mpox cases. There was no epidemiological link between these cases. Epidemiological investigations and contact tracing were conducted, and no additional cases were identified. The identification of these cases of mpox due to clade Ib MPXV in Italy, without any l | Social | WHO | |
| 26-11-2025 | OCHA estimate s that 18,000 people have been displaced in Megale Woreda , Afar Region, since November due to renewed conflict between Tigrayan factions | OCHA estimate s that 18,000 people have been displaced in Megale Woreda , Afar Region, since November due to renewed conflict between Tigrayan factions. Most are sheltering in overcrowded collective centres, facing severe shortages of food, water, shelter, healthcare and education . | Political, Social | UNOCC | |
| 24-11-2025 | Citing health authorities, WHO last Friday confirmed the first outbreak of Marburg virus disease (MVD) in Jinka own (South Ethiopia Regional State) with six laboratory -confirmed cases, and three | Citing health authorities, WHO last Friday confirmed the first outbreak of Marburg virus disease (MVD) in Jinka own (South Ethiopia Regional State) with six laboratory -confirmed cases, and three associated deaths . Comment : MVD is a severe, often fatal illness, transmitted from bats to humans with a case fatality ratio of up to 88 per cent, but can be lower with early patient care. | Social | UNOCC | |
| 21-11-2025 | Marburg virus disease- Ethiopia | As of 20 November 2025, 33 laboratory tests have been conducted, of which six confirmed cases, including three deaths, have been reported. Of the six confirmed cases, three are currently alive and on treatment. In addition to the lab-confirmed cases, a further three epidemiologically linked cases could not be tested; all three are deceased and recorded as probable cases. A total of 206 contacts have been identified, and contacts are under active follow-up. The number of contacts will continue to change as the response evolves. Clinically, patients have presented with high-grade fever, headache, vomiting, abdominal pain, and watery or bloody diarrhoea. Haemorrhagic manifestations, including nose bleeding and vomiting blood were observed in five cases, consistent with multi-organ failure. As this is the first time Ethiopia is reporting MVD, WHO recommends that samples be shared with a reference laboratory for inter-laboratory comparison. Figure 1: Map of Ethiopia showing location of Jinka town | Social | WHO | |
| 10-11-2025 | Earthquake in Ethiopia | Earthquake - Ground movementEthiopia; Number of people affected: 43009.0 | Environmental | Medium Level | EMDAT |
| 07-11-2025 | Drought and conflict worsen food insecurity, despite mixed rainfall forecasts. | As of July 2025, Ethiopia is experiencing mixed agricultural conditions at the onset of the main crop season. While central and southern regions have seen near-average rainfall, the northwest, particularly Tigray and Amhara, faces worsened deficits from June, risking early crop growth. Despite concluding with average to decent outcomes, the Belg season left central and eastern areas like Northern Shewa and Harerge with significant rainfall deficits reaching 40%. The forecast for August is optimistic, predicting wetter-than-average conditions. However, ongoing conflict in Amhara and Tigray, compounded by inadequate humanitarian response, continues to exacerbate food insecurity and aid needs during the lean season. The lingering impact of the 2021–2023 drought persists, maintaining high vulnerability across the nation. | Environmental | Medium concern | HDX |
| 20-10-2025 | OHCHR describes intense clashes in Amhara Region last wee k, with Fano militia reportedly having some tactical successes | OHCHR describes intense clashes in Amhara Region last wee k, with Fano militia reportedly having some tactical successes. The militia is credited with gaining c ontrol of Genete town in South Wollo Zone on October; violence has also spread to Awi and East Gojjam zones, severely restricting people's freedom of movement. In Tigray Region, the past week has seen pro tests by some members of the Tigray Security Forces, prompting Tigray's interim administration cabinet to hold an emergency meeting on 15 October. | Political, Technological | UNOCC | |
| 17-10-2025 | OCHA warns that recent livestock disease outbreaks in Afder Zone are likely to compound the vulnerable humanitarian situation faced by pastoralists in Somali Region | OCHA warns that recent livestock disease outbreaks in Afder Zone are likely to compound the vulnerable humanitarian situation faced by pastoralists in Somali Region . Since September, an anthrax outbreak has killed over 14,300 livestock and threatens 185,000 more , and a highly contagious viral disease affecting sheep and goats has killed over 40,800 additional animals and put 355,000 more at risk . According to OCHA, t hese outbreaks endanger both human health and pastoralist livelihoods, particularly livestoc k exports to Gulf countries . In addition, l imited funding and capacity are hindering response efforts . | Social | UNOCC | |
| 16-10-2025 | OCHA continues to monitor the situation along the Or omia-Somali border , where an estimated 291, people in both regions have been displaced by expanding levels of intercommunal violence | OCHA continues to monitor the situation along the Or omia-Somali border , where an estimated 291, people in both regions have been displaced by expanding levels of intercommunal violence . Escalating violence has been reported since July , with t he latest clashes in Bale Zone displac ing another 3, persons . The situation remains fluid and displacement is reportedly still ongoing. | Technological | UNOCC | |
| 03-10-2025 | Chikungunya virus disease- Global situation | Global overview Globally as of December 2024, current or previous autochthonous transmission of CHIKV had been reported from 119 countries and territories across six WHO regions. In addition, 27 countries and territories had evidence of established and competent Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus vector populations but had not yet documented autochthonous CHIKV transmission. Per available data from January to September 2025, 263 592 suspected and 181 679 confirmed CHIKV disease cases and 155 CHIKV disease-related deaths have been reported globally. While certain WHO Regions are reporting lower case numbers compared to 2024, others are experiencing marked increases. This heterogeneity in regional trends complicates the interpretation of a global increase. Instead, the data suggest localized resurgence or emergence in specific geographic areas. The region of the Americas has reported the highest number of cases followed by the European region (comprised of cases reported predominantly from French Overseas Departments in the Indian Ocean). Table 1: Number of suspected and confirmed CHIKV disease cases and deaths by region in 2025, as of September 2025. *Note: the date of last report varies by country Figure 1: Geographical distribution of CHIKV disease cases as reported to WHO or Publicly shared by Ministries of Health from January to September 2025 Regional overview African region As of September 2025, a total of 2197 suspected and 108 confirmed CHIKV disease cases have been reported from four countries: Comoros, Kenya, Mauritius, and Senegal with Mauritius recording the highest number of cases. In Comoros, between 1 January to 31 May 2025 (epi week 1 and epi week 22), a total of four confirmed cases have been reported, while Senegal reported seven confirmed cases. In Mauritius, a total of 1583 cases have been reported between 15 March to 4 August 2025 (epi week 12 to epi week 32), including 1543 local and 40 imported cases. There have been no reported deaths. In Kenya, a chikungunya outbreak was confirmed in Mombasa County as of 8 June 2025 (epi week 23). By 6 July 2025 (epi week 27), a total of 614 cases had been recorded, including 97 laboratory-confirmed cases. Since then, no further cases have been reported. No chikungunya-related deaths have been recorded to date. Eastern Mediterranean Region As of September 2025, a total of 1596 suspected, and 67 confirmed CHIKV disease cases have been reported from Pakistan and Somalia. In Pakistan, CHIKV disease cases in 2025 have been reported at rates similar to those in 2024. A notable increase occurred between 4 May to 21 June 2025 (epi weeks 19 to 25), with 101 to 121 suspected CHIKV disease cases reported per week during this period. In Somalia, a chikungunya outbreak has been confirmed in Sool region, with 488 suspected cases reported between January and June 2025. Eight out of 10 samples tested were laboratory-confirmed for chikungunya. Somalia has also recorded imported travel related cases. European Region As of 15 September 2025, two European countries—France and Italy—have reported locally acquired cases of CHIKV disease. France has recorded 479 cases distributed across 54 clusters, with 40 clusters currently active. Italy has reported 205 locally acquired cases distributed across four clusters of which three clusters are currently active. A total of 56 456 CHIKV disease cases, and 40 deaths, have been reported from four countries in the European region in 2025. In France, the increased incidence of CHIKV outbreaks in 2025 represent a deviation from observed patterns in previous years . In 2024, only one CHIKV disease case was reported. The larger number of chikungunya cases this year, along with their early onset, are linked to an epidemic in La Réunion and the broader Indian Ocean region, driven by a viral strain that is highly adapted to the Aedes albopictus mosquito. In the French overseas department of La Réunion, a total of 54 517 confirmed cases and 40 deaths have been reported in 2025 (as of 14 September). There has been a steady decline in new cases since 26 April (epi week 17) indicating that the outbreak is waning. This marks the first autochthonous transmission of chikungunya on the island since 2014. In Mayotte, following two imported cases from La Réunion, the first locally acquired CHIKV disease case was confirmed in March 2025. As of 18 September 2025, a total of 1255 locally acquired cases, including 39 hospitalizations, have been reported . The transmission receded since August with only a few cases reported per week on average. Region of the Americas As of 20 September 2025, CHIKV disease transmission continues across the Americas in line with expected seasonal patterns. A total of 228 591 suspected cases have been reported from 14 countries, including 100 329 confirmed cases and 115 deaths. In Bolivia, a total of 5372 CHIKV disease cases have been reported, 73% of which are laboratory confirmed, along with four deaths. The outbreak primarily affected the department of Santa Cruz with 99% of cases (n=3905, including four deaths). Additionally, cases were reported in the departments of Beni, Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, Pando, and Tarija. Brazil accounts for nearly 96% of all reported cases and deaths in the region, with 96 159 confirmed cases and 111 deaths. In Cuba, between 1 January to 20 September, 34 cases of chikungunya were reported, all confirmed by laboratory by RT-PCR test, in the provinces of Guantanamo, La Habana, Matanzas, Pinar del Rio and Santiago de Cuba. Public health interventions have been implemented. South- East Asia Region As of early September 2025, over 34 628 CHIKV disease cases, both suspected and confirmed, have been reported in the WHO South-East Asia region, primarily from India and Bangladesh. In India, between 1 January and 31 March 2025, a total of 30 876 suspected cases and 1741 confirmed cases were reported. The states reporting the highest number of confirmed cases were Maharashtra, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. In Bangladesh, the Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research between reported a total of 732 suspected CHIKV disease cases in Dhaka city between 1 January and 31 August 2025. Of these, 400 cases were laboratory-confirmed by RT-PCR. In Sri Lanka, a total of 151 confirmed CHIKV disease cases were reported from sentinel sites in Colombo, Gampaha and Kandy between 1 January 2025 and the second week of March 2025. According to the Epidemiology Unit Division situation report, dated 31 August 2025, the CHIKV disease cases continued to increase and peaked in June 2025. Over half of the reported cases were from the Western Province, with Colombo District alone reporting 33%. The most affected age group was 41–60 years (36.4%), although an increasing trend was noted among children. In Thailand, a total of 1128 CHIKV disease cases were reported between 1 January and 14 September 2025. Bueng Kan (142), Chiang Mai (411), and Loei (125) are the provinces reporting the most cases. The age distribution of cases is: 0-4 years 2%, 5-9 years 3%, 10-14 years 6%, 15-19 years 4%, 20-29 years 9%, 30-39 years 17%, 40-49 years 17%, 50-59 years 16%, ≥ 60 years 26%. Western Pacific Region A total of 21 299 CHIKV disease cases including four countries reporting imported cases, with no deaths, have been reported from 16 countries and areas in the Western Pacific region in 2025. Of these, five countries reported local transmission, six reported imported cases, and five reported no cases during the year. In China (excluding Hong Kong SAR, Macao SAR, and Taiwan, China), as of 27 September 2025, a total of 16 452 locally transmitted cases has been reported in Guangdong Province. All cases were laboratory-confirmed. This represents the largest documented chikungunya outbreak to date in China. The cases have been reported in 21 cities, mainly in Foshan City (10032), Jiangmen City (5209), Guangzhou City (590), Shenzhen City (128), Zhanjiang City (112), Zhu | Social | WHO | |
| 26-09-2025 | echoed this appeal, reaffirming its support for Somalia and urging implementation of long- term financing mechanisms as AUSSOM faces a USD 180 million shortfall for 2025 | echoed this appeal, reaffirming its support for Somalia and urging implementation of long- term financing mechanisms as AUSSOM faces a USD 180 million shortfall for 2025. UN CONFIDENTIAL - NOT FOR FURTHER DISSEMINATION | Political | UNOCC | |
| 25-09-2025 | According to OCHA, a cholera outbreak in Tigray Region has expanded to 14 districts across the central, north -western, south -eastern and southern zones | According to OCHA, a cholera outbreak in Tigray Region has expanded to 14 districts across the central, north -western, south -eastern and southern zones. Regional health authorities announced yesterday that 367 cases and 11 deaths have been recorded since 1 July 2025. | Social | UNOCC | |
| 03-09-2025 | OCHA has shared word of some 49,000 people impacted by a prolonged dry spell in Dima District, in West Guji Zone | OCHA has shared word of some 49,000 people impacted by a prolonged dry spell in Dima District, in West Guji Zone . Preliminary assessments indicate the loss of about 8,700 livestock and widespread crop failure . Urgent needs include food assistance, medical supplies for people and livestock and the rehabilitation of WASH infrastructure to restore safe water and improve sanitation. | Technological | UNOCC | |
| 27-08-2025 | Ethiopia's Ambassador to Somalia yesterday denied allegations of Ethiopian troop involvement, instead clarifying that Ethiopian National Defence Force pers onnel were limited to providing injured | Ethiopia's Ambassador to Somalia yesterday denied allegations of Ethiopian troop involvement, instead clarifying that Ethiopian National Defence Force pers onnel were limited to providing injured National Intelligence and Security Agency soldiers with medical assistance (see also UNOCC Daily of 30 July and August) . Meanwhile, 30 suspected measles cases in Banadir Region have prompted concern over the past 2 two weeks , with most cases involving children under the age of five. Overcrowding and poor sanitation conditions in IDP sites at Daynile and Kahda are contributing to th is disease's rapid transmission . | Political, Social, Technological | UNOCC |
Risk Profile
Improved way to analyze the severity of humanitarian crises globally. It allows measurement of severity against an objective, common scale, which can be applied to all crises.
Risk Score
Emergencies by disaster type
Emergencies
Landslide
2
Flood
2
Storm Surge
1
Earthquake
1
Drought
1
Population movement
1
Other
2